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If your connection is successful, your Postgres database is running. Open the terminal window and run psql to connect to your local Postgres server. In this step, you create a database in your local Postgres server for your use in this tutorial. POSTGRES APP DEFAULT PASSWORD UPGRADETo upgrade to the latest version, run az upgrade. Run az version to find the version and dependent libraries that are installed. For more information about extensions, see Use extensions with the Azure CLI. POSTGRES APP DEFAULT PASSWORD INSTALLWhen you're prompted, install the Azure CLI extension on first use. For other sign-in options, see Sign in with the Azure CLI. To finish the authentication process, follow the steps displayed in your terminal. If you're using a local installation, sign in to the Azure CLI by using the az login command. POSTGRES APP DEFAULT PASSWORD HOW TOFor more information, see How to run the Azure CLI in a Docker container. If you're running on Windows or macOS, consider running Azure CLI in a Docker container. If you prefer to run CLI reference commands locally, install the Azure CLI. For more information, see Azure Cloud Shell Quickstart - Bash. Use the Bash environment in Azure Cloud Shell. If you don't have an Azure subscription, create an Azure free account before you begin. POSTGRES APP DEFAULT PASSWORD UPDATEUpdate the data model and redeploy the app.Connect a Ruby on Rails app to PostgreSQL.To upgrade an existing installation from md5 to scram-sha-256, after having ensured that all client libraries in use are new enough to support SCRAM, set password_encryption = 'scram-sha-256' in nf, make all users set new passwords, and change the authentication method specifications in pg_hba.conf to scram-sha-256. POSTGRES APP DEFAULT PASSWORD PASSWORDThis is no longer possible.) To check the currently stored password hashes, see the system catalog pg_authid. (Previous PostgreSQL releases supported storing the password on the server in plain text. If a password was encrypted using the md5 setting, then it can be used only for the md5 and password authentication method specifications (again, with the password transmitted in plain text in the latter case). The authentication method specification md5 will automatically switch to using the scram-sha-256 method in this case, as explained above, so it will also work. If a password was encrypted using the scram-sha-256 setting, then it can be used for the authentication methods scram-sha-256 and password (but password transmission will be in plain text in the latter case). This is controlled by the configuration parameter password_encryption at the time the password is set. The availability of the different password-based authentication methods depends on how a user's password on the server is encrypted (or hashed, more accurately). If no password has been set up for a user, the stored password is null and password authentication will always fail for that user. Passwords can be managed with the SQL commands CREATE ROLE and ALTER ROLE, e.g., CREATE ROLE foo WITH LOGIN PASSWORD 'secret', or the psql command \password. The password for each database user is stored in the pg_authid system catalog. PostgreSQL database passwords are separate from operating system user passwords. (Though SSL certificate authentication might be a better choice if one is depending on using SSL). If the connection is protected by SSL encryption then password can be used safely, though. The method password sends the password in clear-text and is therefore vulnerable to password “ sniffing” attacks. To ease transition from the md5 method to the newer SCRAM method, if md5 is specified as a method in pg_hba.conf but the user's password on the server is encrypted for SCRAM (see below), then SCRAM-based authentication will automatically be chosen instead. The md5 method cannot be used with the db_user_namespace feature. Also, the MD5 hash algorithm is nowadays no longer considered secure against determined attacks. It prevents password sniffing and avoids storing passwords on the server in plain text but provides no protection if an attacker manages to steal the password hash from the server. The method md5 uses a custom less secure challenge-response mechanism. This is the most secure of the currently provided methods, but it is not supported by older client libraries. It is a challenge-response scheme that prevents password sniffing on untrusted connections and supports storing passwords on the server in a cryptographically hashed form that is thought to be secure. The method scram-sha-256 performs SCRAM-SHA-256 authentication, as described in RFC 7677. ![]()
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